Internal-combustion motor



Sheets-sheet 1 R w. JUDso'N INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTQR Filed May 14, 1926 Feb. 3,1931.

INVENTOR. 1 055. WJUDSON. BZ/qLf/J m ATTORNEY.

Feb. 3, 1931. R. w. JUDSON INTERNAL coMBUsToN MoTon 5 Sheets-Shea?l 2 Filed May 14l 1925 INVENTOR. ,055 W JUDSO/v. WMM @M ATTORNEY.

Feb. 3, 1931. R. w. JUDSON INTERNAL coMBUsTIoN MoToR Filed May 14, 1926 3 sheets-sheet 5 NVENTOR.

@055. W J/DSON BWM M I ATTRNEY.

"Patented Feb. 3, 1931 UNITED f STATES PATENT OFFICE Ross w. JUDsON, or DETROIT, MICHIGAN, AssIeNoR To CONTINENTAL MOTORs COR- PORATION, or DETROIT, MICHIGAN, A CORPORATION or VIRGINIA Application led May. 14,

My invention relates to an improved construction of internal Combustion motors of the sleeve type, that is to say the type where a movable sleeve surrounds each piston of the motor to enclose the Corresponding tiring chamber,u the sleeve being movable and provided with `ports through it to control the intake of Combustible mixture and the eiilux of exhaust gases. In motors of this' type, the bore of the sleeve preferably forms thebore of the corresponding cylinder and in fact comprises the cylinder as far as containing and restraining the working fluid is concerned. To mount the sleeves'in proper position for use, they are preferably placed in somewhat larger bores in the cylinder block. Means are provided for moving the sleeves in the bores in the cylinder block to open and close the intake and exhaust ports at the proper time, as required by the cycle of operation of the motor. Motors of the kind under consideration usuall require water cooling to prevent theirl over eating and, -this isk accomplished by water jacketing-the bores of the cylinder block in one way or another.

By my invention, I provide that the bearing surface of the pistons shall be at alltimes against the bores of the corresponding sleeves, and I protect the bores in the cylinder block from the action of the gases in the firing chambers by suitably constructing the sleeves andv head of the motor, and I am therefore able to Construct the cylinder block of metal not Well adapted to stand the relatively great wear, experienced between the pistons and their co-operating bores or the high temperatures developed' in the iii-ing chambers. For example I- prefer to construct the sleeveshof steel and the cylinder block of -light weight metal,l for example aluminum or aluminum alloy. f The movementv of the sleeves relatively to the cylinder Lblock is small and much slower than the, piston movement andsince the bores Of the cylinder block are protected by the sleeve, the relatively soft material of the cylinder` block forms bearing surfaces for the sleeves that are entirely satisfactory andthe necessity for steel or iron' liners in the bores in the cylinder block is thus avoided.

1926. Serial No. 109,046.

By my invention I further provide a novel construction of water acket, by which the water spaces are open towards the exterior of the cylinder block casting when it is made,

thuspermitting the water spaces to be formed in the mold itself withoutthe use of cores, or at most the use of green sand cores as distinguished from baked cores. blocks as heretofore constructed, it has been necessary to use baked cores of greater or lesser complexity and at considerable expense on account of the forming of the inner and outer walls of the water jacket integrally in the same casting. To enclose the water spaces around the cylinder bores, I employ sheet metal plates, for example iron or steel, securely fastened to the upper andlower edges of the cast metal structure containingv the water spaces, for example by suitable screws and to make theV joints tight, Vpacking or cement may be employed,

In cylin derl To facilitatey entirely protecting thegcyl- Y inder bores from the working fluid by means of the sleeves, which I find is desirable, I extend the Cylinder bores and sleeves appreciably beyond the clearance spaces in the cylinders at their head ends and form the cylinder head with projecting cylindrical extensioris fitting the bores of t-he sleeves above the pistons. The Cylinder head is preferabl formed with water spaces in alignment wit and opening into the water spaces in the cylinder block, to cool the cylinder head and assist in maintainin the sleeves in relatively cool Condition. I d it convenient to se- Cure the upper edge of the enclosing sheet metal to the outer ed vof the cylinder head and the lower edge o the sheet metal to the lower outer edge of the cylinder block, thus enclosingjby a single sheet metal covering 'the water spaces iny both the cylinder block and the cylinder head. l s,

My invention will best be understood by reference to the accompanying drawings showing a lpreferred embodiment thereof in which Fig." 1 illustrates a four cylinder motor in accordance with my invention, in longitudinal, vertical sectional view,

Fig. 2 shows inside elevation a part of the cylinder block with the enclosing sheet metal in place, A v

ldnig. 3 is a horizontal, sectional view through theparts shown in Fig. 1 taken along the line 3 3,

Fig. 4 is a horizontal, sectional view taken through the sleeve operating shaft,

Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the relation of the intake ports, and

lFig. 6`is a diagrammatic view illustrating the relation of the exhaust ports.

Similar numerals refer to similar parts throughout the several views. f

As shown in Fig. 1 my improved motor construction consists of a cylinder block 10 of softcast metal, preferably aluminum or aluminum alloy provided with parallel bores `l1, 12, 13 and 14 for receiving with a sliding it the sleeves 15, 16, 17 and 18 respectively, said sleeves being made preferably of iron or steel. The said bores and sleeves extend Y considerably above the extreme upper posicharges inthe Working cylinders. rllhe outer ends of the extensions 24, 25, 26 and 27 Y are provided with anges 24a, 25a, 26a and 27@` to secure the cylinder head to ,corresv sponding anges extending from the upper ends ofthe bores in the cylinder block. To Water Vjacket the extensions 24, 25, 26' and 27, spaced walls 246, 256, 266 and 276 are provided onthe cylinder head forming Water spaces :between them and the said extensions `rand leaving Jclearance spaces for the recep-` tion ofithe spark plugs above referred tof' The walls 246, 256,266 and 276 areextended 'outwardly and laterally of the cylinder head and terminate in a downwardly extending ilange 28 in line with a shouldered flange 29, on the lower end of thecylinder block. 'lhe flange 28 is spaced from they Hanges on the upper end of the cylinder block to denne Water spaces around the Walls of the bores of the cylinder block and the Water passages ",ferred to, Ipsecure sheet metal the flanges 28 and 29 in any suita .in the head are thus in free and unrestricted communication with the water passages surroundin the Walls of the bores of the cylinder bloc To enclose the water spaces relates 30 to le manner, for example b screws as indicated, the said plates reitera ly tenating at the ends-of the cy 'ruler block Where they overlap and marisa y are secured to ribs 31,31 of the cylinder block'.

provided for that purpose.A The joints betweenthe sheet `metal plates 30 and th-e head and cylinder block may be made tight in any desired manner, for example by suitable packing yor cement.

rll`he lower end of the .cylinder block is preferably a plane surface resting on the corresponding upper surf'ace of a. crank case 32 provided with bearings 33, 33 supporting a crank shaft 34, the cranks of which are connected. by connecting rods 35, 35 with the pistons.

s shown in lFig. 3, the cylinder block 10 is provided With intake ports 36, 37, 38 and 39 into the corresponding bores 11, 12, 13 and 14, and also exhaust ports 40, 41, 42 and 43 in the opposite sides' of the Walls of the bores in the cylinder block. Suitable communicating passages are formed in the cylinder block connected With the said ports as indicated, terminating in outer connection rings 36a, 37a, 38a and 39a for the intake ports, to which the intake manifold may be conveniently attached, and similar connection rings 40a, 41a, 42a and 43a for the exhaust ports to which the exhaust manifold may be conveniently attached.

As illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3 the said connection rings may be conveniently shouldered and the cover plates 30 are preferably apertured vas indicated at 406, 416, 426 and y436 to tightly enclose the Water spaces and `at the same time present the connection rings for attachment with the corresponding manifolds, the connection rings.,` plate apertures and ports shown in Fig. 2 being for the exhaust, it being understood that the construction employed for the intake connection rings isthe same. y

'llhe sleeves 15, 16, 17 and 18 have communicating ports formed through them for registry at the proper times during the cycle of operation of the motor, with the intake and exhaust ports vabove referred to, and

While any desired form of operating mecha- .nism may be used to move the sleeve to secure such registry of said ports, l illustrate for example one type of operating mechanism as follows, 'lhe sleeves 15, 16,17 and f 18 have extending outwardly from their loW- er ends lugs 15a, 15a, 16a,\16a, 17a, 17 a, 18a, 18a, between which are respectively pivotally connected at one end, the sleeve connecting rods 44, 45, 46 and 47, the pivotal connections of these connecting rods extending vertically and permitting motion of the connecting rods relatively to the corresponding sleeves in but one direction, that is angularly about theirfpivotal connections( As shown in F ig. 4, the crank shaft 34v carries a gear 48 meshing with a gear 49 The sha-ft 50 .is supported in bearings 51, 51 carried by thecrank case, parallel with the shaft 34 and at a height corresponding to the mid position vertically 'of the lugs on the sleeves. The parts just described are assumed to be carried by the part of the crank case removed in Fig. 1 and as a result no attempt is madelto illustrate these part-s in Fig. 1. The vshaft 5() is provided with cranks 52, 53, 54 and 55 on which the other ends of the connecting rods l-l, 45, 46 and 47 fare respectively mounted, eachuof said cranks heing longer than the -width of the corresponding bearing of the connecting rod, as a result of which rotation of the shaft p50 moves the sleeves both angularly and longitudinally, the connecting rods moving longitudinally of the corresponding cranks as yrequired by said angular movement of said sleeves. The motion thus imparted to each sleeve is such that any point on its surface.

describes a closed curved path which may approach more or less closely to a circular path, depending upon the particular design employed. This movement I find advantageous in connection with controlling the proper opening and closing of the ports l,without undue motion of the4 sleeves and effectively lubricating the outer surfaces of the sleeves and the corresponding bores in the cylinder block.

In Figs. ,5 and 6 the relation of the ports is illustrated 'diagrammatically for the relation of the pistons illustrated in Fig. 1, assuming that the'piston 19 is about to begin its ring or working stroke, the piston 2O is beginning its exhaust stroke, the piston 21 is beginning its compression stroke and the piston 22 is beginning its intake stroke, the firing order assumed for said pistons being 19, 21, 22, 20. In Fig..5 the ports 15b, 16?), 17 b and 185 are the intake ports formed in the sleeves 15,16, 17 and 18 respectively, which ports have motions indicated by the corresponding dotted closedcurves, the corresponding intake ports in the cylinder block being indicated at 36, 37, 38 and 39. Fig. 6 similarly shows exhaust ports 150, 160, 17 c and 18a in the sleeves 15, 16, 17 and 18 re- -head and to the outer face of the parting from the scope of the appended claims.

VhatIclaim is:` 1. In an internal combustion motor, the combination of a cylinder block having bores therein provided with separated walls, a flange connecting said/walls at one end and 4extending outwardly radially therefrom, a.

head enclosing the other ends of said bores and having a flange extending outwardly radially therefrom, and a sheet metal casing secured to said flanges to enclose a water space aroundsaid walls, said casing comprising a plurality of sheets of metal, and said cylinder block having longitudinal ribs extending across its water space to be secured to the edge portions of said sheets.

2. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a sheet metal structure jacketing said cylinder, and a reentrant cylinder head structure for closing the cylinder and provided with a jacket in communication with the cylinder jacket, said cylinder head provided with an extended down-turned flange portion located in substantially the same plane as the outer face of the cylinder, said sheet metal structure arranged to be secured tothe downturned flange of the' cylinder and to the cylinder structure.

forming a jacket, the inner wall extended outwardly to overlie the outer wall and provided with a down-turned flange spaced outwardly from the outer wall of the cylinder head and located in substantially the plane of the outer face of said cylinder projecting portions, and a sheet metal structure secured A to the down-turned ange of the cylinder projectlng portions carried by said cylinder.

In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 11th day of May, A. D. 1926.

ROSS 'W. IUDSON.

spectively having paths of motion represented by the dotted closed curves to co-operate wlth the exhaust ports 40, 41, 42 and 43 respectively in the cylinder' block.

By my invention I produce a construction of motor that not only has the advantage of smoothness of operation of the sleeve v type motor but the additional advantages of lightness and cheapness of construction.

While I have shown my invention in the 'l `ploy equivalents known to the art at the time of the filing of this application without de- 

